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Types of Operating System

Article by Prabhakar Published on

 Types of Operating System

  • Batch Operating system
  • Time sharing Operating system
  • Distributed Operating system
  • Network Operating system
  • Real Time Operating system
  • Multi programming/Processing/Tasking Operating system
  • Mobile Operating System

Batch Operating System

            In a Batch operating system the similar jobs are grouped together into batches with the help of some operators and these batches are executed one by one. For example, suppose we have ten programs, some are written in c++ programming language, Some are written in c programming language and the rest are written java programming language. Now, every time we run these programs one by one, we have to load the compiler of that particular language and then run the code. But if we do a batch of these ten programs, The advantage with this approach is that for the c++ batch, you only need to load the compiler once. Similarly, for Java and C , the compiler only needs to load once and the entire batch is executed. The following figure illustrates the working of the batch operating system.

Advantages 

  1. The overall time taken by the system to execute all the programs will be reduced.
  2. The batch operating system can be shared between multiple users.
Disadvantages

  1. Manual interventions are required between two batches.
  2. The central processing unit (CPU) utilization is low because the time taken in loading and unloading of batches is very high as compared to execution time.

Time sharing Operating System

            In a multi-tasking operating system, more than one process is executed at a given time with the help of time-sharing concept. So in this environment, we determine the time called the quantum of time and when the process starts its execution, only that time will continue to execute and after that, other process will only be given the opportunity for that time. In the next cycle the first process comes up again for its execution and it is only executed for quantum at that time and again comes the next process. This process continues. The following figure illustrates the workings of a time-sharing operating system.

 Advantages 

  1. Since equal time quantum is given to each process gets equal opportunity to execute.
  2. The central processing unit (CPU) will be busy in most of the cases and this is good to have case.
Disadvantages

  1. Process having higher priority will not get the chance to be executed first because the equal opportunity is given to each process.

Distributed Operating System

           In Distributed operating system, we have different systems and each of this systems has it's own central processing unit, memory, and resources. These systems are connected to each other using a shared communication network. Here each system can do it's job individually. The best part about this operating system is the remote access. Which means that a user can access the data of the other systems and work accordingly. Therefore, remote access to these operating systems is possible.

Advantages

  1. Since the systems are connected with each other so the failure of one system can't stop the execution of processes because other systems can do the execution.
  2. Resources are shared between each other.
  3. The load on the host computer gets distributed and this in turn increases the efficiency.
Disadvantages

  1. Since the data is shared among all the computers, so to make the data secure and accessible to few computers, we need to put some extra efforts.
  2. If there is a problem in the communication network then the whole communication will be broken.

Network Operating system 

            Network operating system runs on a server and provides server the capability to manage data, users, groups, and security, applications and other networking functions. The primary purpose of the network operating system is to allow shared file and printer access among multiple computers in a network, typically a local area network (LAN), a private network or to other networks.

            Some examples of network operating system include  Microsoft Windows server 2003, Microsoft Windows 2008, Unix, Linux, Mac Os X, Nov ell Net ware and BSD.

Advantages

  1. Centralized servers are highly stable .
  2. Security is server managed.
  3. Up gradation of new technologies and hardware can be easily integrated into the system.
  4. Possible to remote access to servers from different locations and types of systems.
Disadvantages

  1. High cost of buying and running a server.
  2. Regular maintenance and updates are required.
  3. Dependency on a central location for most operations.

Real Time Operating System

            These are used in the situation When we are dealing with some real time data. So, as soon as the data comes the execution of the process should be done and there should be no delay that is no buffer delay should be there. Real time operating system is a time sharing system that is based on the concept of clock interrupt. So whenever you want to process a large number of request in a very short period of time then you should use real time operating system. There are two types of real time operating system.

  • Hard Real-time operating system:
           In this type a short delay can lead to drastic change. So, we use hard real time operating system               when time limit is very important.

  • Soft Real  time operating system:
            Here the time limit is not so important but here too we are dealing with some real time data.

Advantages

  1. There is maximum utilization of devices and resources.
  2. These systems are almost error free.

Disadvantages

  1. The algorithms used in real-time operating system is very complex.
  2. Specific device drivers are used for responding to the interrupts as soon as possible.

Multi-Programming Operating System

            Multi-Programming is an extension to the batch processing where the central processing unit (CPU) is kept always busy. Each process needs two types of system time that is CPU time and input/output time.In this environment, for the time a process does its input/output, the central processing unit can start the execution of other process. Therefore multi programming improves the efficiency of the system.

Advantages

  1. The system looks fast as all the tasks runs in parallel.
  2. Short time jobs are completed faster than long time jobs.
  3. Response time is shorter.

Disadvantages

  1. It is difficult to program a system because of complicated schedule handling.
  2. Tracking all tasks or processes is sometimes difficult to handle.
  3. Due to high load of tasks long time jobs have to wait long.

Mobile Operating System

            A mobile operating system is an operating system that helps to run other application software on a mobile device. It's software similar to popular computer operating systems like Linux and Windows, but now they are somewhat easier and simpler.operating system found in smartphone include Symbian operating system , iPhone operating system, RIMs black berry, windows mobile,palm web operating system and memo are all derived from Linux. The ios is derived from BSD and NextSTEP related to UNIX
            It combines the beauty of computer and handled devices. It usually has a cellular buitl-in modern and Sim tray for telephony and internet connections. If you buy a mobile, the manufacturer will select the operating system for that particular device.

Some Popular Operating Systems

  1. DOS:- Disk operating system is an operating system that runs from a hard disk drive. Pc-Dos (Personal DOS) was the first widely installed disk operating system used in PC running on Intel 8086 16-bit Processor.                                                                                                                         
  2. WINDOWS:- Microsoft windows also called windows and windows operating system, computer operating system developed by Microsoft corporation to run PCs. Featuring the first graphical  user interface (GUI) for IBM- compatible PCs the windows operating system soon dominated the PC market.                                                                                                                                                   
  3. MACINTOSH:- The Mac operating system is an operating system designed by apple Inc. to be installed and operated on the apple Macintosh series of computers, Introduced in 1984, it is a graphical user interface (GUI)   based. Operating system that has since been released as multiple different versions.                                                                                                                                                   
  4. UNIX:- Unix was earlier known to be UNICS, which stands for uniplexed information computing system. Unix is a popular operating system first got released in 1969. it is a multi tasking, powerful, multi user, a virtual operating system which could be implemented on a variety of platforms. example desktops, laptops, servers, and mobile devices etc.

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